1 activated carbon filter
2 Vent line from fuel tank
3 Non-return valve for activated charcoal tank
4 Exhaust-driven turbocharger
5 Fuel pressure regulator
6 intake manifold (fuel line)
7 Crankcase ventilation
8 Non-return valve for activated charcoal tank
9 Connection on throttle body
10 Charge air cooler
11 Charge air cooler pressure tank
12 Coasting shut-off valve
13 Solenoid valve for discharge pressure limitation
14 Crankcase ventilation pressure relief valve
15 Electrically operated valve for activated carbon filter.
The turbocharger provides better filling of the cylinders when the fuel-air mixture is forced into the cylinders under pressure. The turbocharger is driven using the energy of the exhaust gases.
The arrow indicates the pressure relief valve of the crankcase ventilation system.
To keep the generated pressure within certain limits, you need to install a boost pressure regulator in the system. Its task is to open the solenoid valve at too high a pressure so that only part of the flow can pass through the turbocharger's turbine wheel.
1 Air cooler tank
2 Shut-off valve for coasting
3 Solenoid valve to limit blower pressure
In order to keep regulation under all operating conditions under control, the injection/ignition control unit is activated. An electro-pneumatic valve controls the bypass of the turbocharger via the pressure tank. When the valve is open, the discharge pressure drops. The control unit also ensures that the correct boost pressure is always provided. In addition, a height regulator is connected to the control unit (installed in the electronic unit in the engine compartment), which ensures that when the vehicle is operated at high altitude, the reduced air density does not interfere with the normal operation of the turbocharger. In this case, the discharge pressure is increased so that more air enters the cylinders with the same amount of injected fuel, i.e. the fuel-air mixture remained unchanged.
Also included in the turbocharging system is a shut-off valve when coasting. The meaning of this valve is as follows:
- Pressure generated by the turbocharger when the throttle is closed (foot off gas pedal) has no way out, i.e. back pressure acts against the turbocharger and its speed is reduced. To prevent this, the valve opens the outlet. The air can then be vented back to the intake side and the turbocharger regains its speed.
- As soon as the driver presses the gas pedal, the valve closes. Since the turbocharger subsequently operates at high speeds, it can immediately re-supply air under pressure, i.e. not generated during acceleration "failure", as was previously the case with older turbocharged engines.
- An air cooler is also installed in the system (intercooler). What is his task? The outside air entering through the air filter is accelerated and compressed in the turbocharger. Since the turbocharger driven by the hot exhaust gases also gives off heat to the air, i.e. heats it, this leads to overheating of the incoming air, due to which the oxygen contained in it already loses its activity before. how it gets into the engine.
- Charge air cooler installed between turbocharger and intake manifold (also called an intercooler) cools the air sufficiently before it enters the engine. Due to this, the air becomes denser and brings in its composition more oxygen, which is important for the formation of the fuel-air mixture. Cylinder filling is improved and engine power is increased.
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