General description
1. The engine electrical system mainly consists of starting and charging systems. Since the functions of these systems are related to the operation of the engine, their components are considered separately from the electrical devices of the body, such as external lighting, instruments, etc. The latter are discussed in Section 12. Information about the preheating system is given in Part B of this Section.
2. Electrical system - 12 volt negative ground.
3. The starter has a freewheel pre-engaged with a traction relay. When starting the engine, the traction relay moves the drive gear, bringing it into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the starter is activated. Once the engine has started, the freewheel prevents the transfer of power from the engine to the starter.
4. A more detailed description of the various systems is given in the respective Chapters of this Section.
Precautions
5. When working on the electrical system, extra care must be taken not to damage the semiconductor devices (diodes and transistors) and avoid electric shock.
6. Always remove rings, watches, etc. before working on the electrical system. Even with the battery disconnected, capacitive discharge may occur if the component's power clamp is accidentally shorted by a metal object. This may cause shock or severe burns.
7. Do not confuse the battery clamps. Components such as a generator, electronic controls or any other having a solid state circuit can be irreparably damaged.
8. When starting the engine using large wires and a starting device or a separate battery, you need to connect plus to plus and minus to minus. This also applies when connecting the battery to the charger.
9. Never disconnect battery, alternator, or any electrical wiring or instrumentation while the engine is running.
10. Do not allow the engine to rotate the generator disconnected from the electrical system.
11. Never test a generator by shorting its output terminals to ground.
12. When working on the electrical system, make sure the negative battery cable is disconnected.
13. Before using arc welding on a vehicle, disconnect the battery, alternator and components such as electronic ignition control and fuel injection system to protect them from damage.
Attention: If the radio in your car is coded, make sure you have the correct key code before disconnecting the battery.
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