Level check
The brake fluid reservoir is located in the engine compartment. There is a vent in the threaded lid of the tank, which must not be clogged.
14.0. The brake fluid level must be between the maximum and minimum marks
The tank is transparent, so the liquid level can be checked visually at any time. In addition, a too low brake fluid level is signaled by a light on the instrument panel. However, it is still recommended to regularly check the fluid level in the reservoir visually, each time the engine oil level is checked.
The brake fluid level must be between the maximum and minimum marks (see illustration 14.0).
Fill only with fresh brake fluid specification FMVSS 116 DOT 4.
Attention! Due to the wear of the disc brake pads, a slight drop in the brake fluid level occurs. This is normal and does not require replenishment of the fluid reservoir.
If the level of the brake fluid in the reservoir drops for a short time, or if the level falls below the MIN·mark, then this indicates a loss of fluid. In this case, you must immediately find the leak. For safety reasons, it is best to have the brake system checked by a specialist workshop.
Replacement
Attention! Filling with used brake fluid is not allowed.
Attention! Take precautions when working with brake fluid.
Attention! Do not discard used brake fluid or dispose of it with household waste. Brake fluid must be taken to a recycling center.
Brake fluid absorbs moisture from the air through the pores in the brake hoses. This leads to a decrease in the boiling point of the brake fluid over time. With a heavy load on the brakes in such cases, vapor locks can form in the pipelines, which significantly impairs the functioning of the brake system.
Brake fluid should be changed every 2 years, preferably in the spring. When driving frequently in mountainous terrain, the brake fluid should be changed at shorter intervals.
In a workshop or service station, bleeding the brake system is usually carried out using a special device that, under pressure, pours new fluid into the expansion tank and simultaneously bleeds the brake system. It is possible to remove air without using a device, but in this case an assistant is needed who will press the brake pedal (sway).
ABS Brake Precautions
Attention! Do not empty the expansion tank when bleeding the brake system, because in this case air will enter the brake system and the ABS hydraulic pump. If, when bleeding the brake system, air enters the ABS pump, then it is necessary to remove the air in the workshop using an appropriate device. When installing a new brake hose, the subsequent bleeding of the system should also be carried out in a workshop. The vehicle must not be driven without bleeding the brake system.
The sequence of bleeding the brake system:
- 1 - brake mechanism of the front left wheel;
- 2 - brake mechanism of the front right wheel;
- 3 - brake mechanism of the rear left wheel;
- 4 - brake mechanism of the rear right wheel.
1. Mark the brake fluid level on the expansion tank with a felt-tip pen or marker. When replacing fluid, pour into the tank up to this mark. This will prevent liquid from overflowing over the edge of the expansion tank when replacing the brake pads.
2. Remove the cap from the expansion tank.
Attention! It is not possible to draw brake fluid from the expansion tank because there is a non-removable sieve in the filler neck.
3. Carefully unscrew the bleed screw so as not to strip its threads. It is recommended to apply a rust converter to the fitting two hours before. If the fittings cannot be unscrewed, contact the workshop.
4. Put a clean transparent hose on the fitting of the front left wheel brake cylinder, and lower the free end of the hose into a container. To provide access to the pumping fitting, remove the corresponding wheel or put the car on a viewing hole.
5. Shift into neutral, apply the parking brake, start the engine and let it idle.
6. Ask an assistant to squeeze the brake pedal several times until resistance appears. While holding the brake pedal in the depressed position, unscrew the front left wheel brake bleeder with a spanner.
7. Screw the fitting when the brake pedal reaches the front end position and rests on the floor, and release the pedal.
8. Vehicles with manual transmission. Bleed the front left brake mechanism until the brake fluid level in the expansion tank drops to the same level as the clutch hydraulic pipe.
Attention! When removing air, constantly monitor the amount of liquid in the expansion tank and replenish it. Do not expose the bottom of the tank, otherwise air will again enter the brake system. Fill the reservoir with fresh brake fluid only!
9. Tighten the bleed screw.
10. Vehicles with manual transmission. Bleed the air from the hydraulic clutch.
Attention! At least 100 cm3 are removed from the clutch hydraulic cylinder during bleeding (0.1 liters) brake fluid.
11. Pour fresh brake fluid into the expansion tank up to the MAX mark on the tank.
In a similar way, remove the old brake fluid from the remaining calipers, strictly following the specified procedure for bleeding the hydraulic drive.
Attention! The escaping brake fluid must be clear and without air bubbles. Approximately 250 cm3 should come out of each caliper/wheel brake cylinders (1/4 liter) brake fluid.
12. Check the free play of the brake pedal. It should not be more than 1/3 of the entire pedal travel.
13. Add brake fluid to the expansion tank up to the mark made before changing the fluid and bleeding the system.
14. Screw on a cover of a broad tank.
Attention! Carry out an appropriate inspection of the brake system and ensure that:
- A) brake hoses are securely connected;
- b) brake hoses are fixed with clamps;
- V) the fittings for bleeding the hydraulic drive of the brake system are wrapped;
- G) There is enough brake fluid in the expansion tank.
15. Start the engine and check the brake system for leaks. To do this, press the brake pedal with a force of 200-300 N (20 -30 kg) and hold it in this position for about 10 seconds. The resistance of the brake pedal should not decrease. Check all joints for tightness.
16. Carry out a test drive. While driving, slow down several times. Brake at least once until the vehicle comes to a complete stop, which will activate the ABS. Perform this braking, for example, on an unpaved road. When the ABS is activated, there is a pulsation in the brake pedal.
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