The TD engine preheat system consists of the following main parts:
- A) glow plug relay. The relay not only regulates the duration of the warm-up, based on the temperature of the engine, but also closes the power circuit of the glow plugs. The specified relay is located at location #10 of the patch panel.
- b) coolant temperature sensor. It tells the ECU the temperature of the coolant to decide if the engine needs to preheat at startup and how long it should last.
- V) glow plugs. Candles are designed to warm up a cold engine before starting it, as well as in the warm-up phase to operating temperature.
The engine warm-up process consists of three phases:
- A) Warm up. Turning the ignition key to the first position starts the warm-up process. Its duration is determined by the electronic control unit and depends on the temperature of the coolant. The lower it is, the longer the warm-up takes. At an engine temperature of -20°C, the glow plug relay supplies power to the glow plugs for 8 seconds. If the engine temperature is above 65°C, then the warm-up time is minimal or the control unit refuses to warm up at all. At the end of the warm-up, the control lamp on the instrument panel goes out and from this moment the engine can be started.
- b) starting readiness. The driver, after the warm-up control lamp goes out, does not always immediately start the engine. For this reason, the system continues to warm up for about 10 seconds more,
- V) accompaniment. From the moment the engine is started, further heating occurs, accompanying the operation of the engine. Follow-up continues for up to 180 seconds until the coolant temperature reaches more than 65°C.
Glow plugs
The heating tube, in which the glow plug spiral is located, enters the vortex chamber of the cylinder (see illustration 12.0).
This spiral heats up the incandescent tube to a temperature of 800-1000°C. Only at this temperature does a cold engine start. After starting the engine, the spark plug must withstand an operating temperature of 600-900°C. Glow plugs are self-adjusting. The essence of this glow plug effect is as follows. The starter uses a lot of electricity when starting the engine, as a result of which the battery voltage can drop to almost 8 V. This means that the glow plugs do not have enough voltage to warm up the engine to the desired temperature. Self-regulating candles bypass this obstacle, because their design, even with a decrease in battery voltage, provides heating up to 800-1000°C. Self-adjusting candles act selectively, adjusting to the voltage of the battery.
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