5-speed gearbox shift levers and rods: 1 - ball head, 2 - housing, 3 - circlip, 4 - spacer, 5 - compression spring, 6 - ball stop, 7 - compression spring, 8 - bushing, 9 - shift lever, 10 - spacer tube, 11, 12, 14, 16, 26 and 27 - nut, 13 - cover, 15 and 17 - connecting piece, 18 - retaining ring, 19 - shock absorber, 20 - spherical bushing, 21 - stop rod, 22 and 23 - screw, 24 - washer, 25 - shift cover, 28 - shift fork, 29, 34, 35 and 36 - screw, 30 - clamping ring, 31 - bellows, 32 - shift bar, 33 - clamping piece, 37 and 38 - washer, 39 - thrust rod.
Engine power is transmitted through the clutch to the primary (input) gearbox shaft. There are five gears on this shaft (and another gear for reverse gear). These gears constantly mesh with the corresponding gears on the output shaft. The gears of both shafts are supported by needle rollers, that is, there is no rigid connection between the shaft and the gear.
Gears and shafts
The gears rotate freely until one of them, due to the gear being engaged, engages with the corresponding neck of the thorn on the other shaft. To do this, on each shaft, first, with the help of a synchronizer blocking ring, a rigid connection is made between the gear and the shaft, after which the gear sits rigidly on the shaft and can engage with the mating gear to transmit power. In order for the gears to mesh with each other, the speeds of the shafts must match. To this end, a part of one shaft slides over a part of the other shaft by means of friction elements. Due to friction, the faster rotating shaft is decelerated until both shafts rotate in sync.
Forward gears and reverse gear
The first three gears are downshifts. The fourth gear is direct, the engine speed is transmitted approximately in a ratio of 1:1. When the fifth gear is engaged, the output shaft of the gearbox rotates faster than the crankshaft of the engine. Naturally, the car must also have a reverse gear. To do this, an additional gear is located on each drive shaft, which changes the direction of rotation of the drive wheels to the opposite. When a gear is selected using the gear lever, the movements of the lever are transmitted through the gear bar to the shift segment, which is located on the gearbox.
This section clearly shows the principle of gear shifting: 1 and 3 - nuts for fastening the spherical bushing, 2 and 4 - fixed torque rod, 5 - gearshift rod.
Visitor comments