Crankcase ventilation system
Some of the products of combustion pass by the piston rings and enter the crankcase and from where they would be released into the atmosphere if special precautions were not taken.
To prevent them from entering the atmosphere, the crankcase breather is connected by a hose to the air filter so that the crankcase gases mix with the air/fuel mixture in the manifold and are burned in the engine
Catalytic converter
It consists of an additional component in the muffler system and exhaust pipe
The converter contains a catalyst that accelerates the chemical reaction to break down the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas into carbon dioxide and water.
The transducer does not require any maintenance, but it should be checked periodically for signs of mechanical damage.
The catalyst in the converter can become ineffective due to the ingress of fuel additives, so it is important to use only unleaded gasoline and that the fuel does not contain harmful additives.
The catalytic converter contains a ceramic insert which is very fragile and can break if the converter is dropped.
Fuel Evaporation Control System
To prevent fuel vapor from escaping into the atmosphere, the fuel tank is equipped with a carbon filter. The fuel tank has an expansion tank and vent pipes that are positioned so that no fuel or vapor escapes even if the vehicle is operated at very high ambient temperatures.
The vent tubes are connected to a canister containing charcoal that absorbs fuel vapors. When the engine is not running, fuel vapor collects in the carbon filter. When the engine is running, fresh air is drawn in through the canister and vapors are expelled from the canister to the air filter and on to the engine where they are burned. The canister is sometimes called a carbon filter.
Lambda sensor
Models equipped with a catalytic converter are able to control the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases using a lambda sensor in the exhaust manifold. Based on this information, the electronic control device maintains the air/fuel mixture ratio at a constant level to ensure complete combustion.
Exhaust Gas Re-burning System (EGR)
Models with a PS engine and automatic transmission are equipped with an EGR system where some of the exhaust gases are returned to the intake manifold and combusted.
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