General information
The electrical system of the engine is mainly composed of the system for charging the battery and starting the engine. Since these systems are related to the engine, they are considered separately from other electrical systems and devices (appliances, lighting, etc. considered in chapter 12). The ignition system of gasoline engines is described in part B, in part C the glow plug heating system is described.
Vehicle electrical system - 12-volt, grounded minus (on the body).
Cars are equipped with maintenance-free batteries (closed) and low-maintenance type, are charged from an alternator with a built-in rectifier and voltage regulator, driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.
Starter - with pre-engagement and built-in retractor relay. When the engine is started, the retractor engages the freewheel gear into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the motor is energized to rotate. Once the engine has started, the freewheel prevents the flywheel from rotating the starter shaft until the gears have disengaged.
Precautionary measures
When working with the electrical systems of the car, increased attention and care is required so as not to damage the semiconductor elements of the system (diodes and transistors) and avoid the risk of electric shock. In addition to the warnings in the section "Caution first and foremost!" at the beginning of this manual, read the following before working on the system. Always remove rings, watches, bracelets, etc. when working on the electrical system.
Even when the battery is disconnected, static electricity can accumulate in the cells, which, if not handled carefully, can cause electric shock or burns.
Do not confuse terminals (poles) battery. Components such as a generator, electronic control units, and others that have semiconductor components can be irreparably damaged.
Never disconnect the battery, alternator, electrical wiring, or controls while the engine is running.
Do not let the engine run the generator with the electrical wiring disconnected.
Never test generator operation by shorting its output terminal to ground.
Disconnect the negative cable from the battery before starting any work related to disconnecting the elements of the electrical system.
If you start the engine from an external battery using cigarette lighter wires, connect them as indicated in the section "Auxiliary battery start" (plus with plus, minus with minus). This also applies to connecting the charger.
Disconnect the battery before using electric welding. generator and BEU to protect them from damage.
Warning: The radio, fitted as standard equipment, is equipped with a secret code to deter thieves. If you disconnect the power source from the radio, the security system is activated. Even if the power is turned on immediately, the radio will not work until the special code is entered. Therefore, if you do not know the code, do not turn off the power from the radio, do not remove it from the car and do not disconnect the negative cable from the battery.
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