Table of contents: Scalding ↓ Burns ↓ Fall of a raised car ↓ Ignition ↓ Electric shock ↓ Poisoning by vapors or gases ↓ Poisonous and irritating substances ↓ Asbestos ↓ Specific hazards ↓ Remember ↓
When servicing a vehicle, dangerous situations may arise. To increase your caution, the main types of such situations are described below.
Scalding
Do not remove the radiator cap or expansion tank until the engine has cooled down.
Immediately after the engine has stopped, engine oil, transmission and steering fluids may also be very hot.
Burns
Any part of the engine, especially the exhaust system, poses a risk of burns. Brake discs and drums can be hot immediately after braking.
Fall of a raised car
When working under or near a raised vehicle, always place sturdy supports underneath it, or use a ramp or inspection pit.
Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack!
Be careful when loosening or tightening fasteners that are tightened with great force if this work is carried out on a raised vehicle. It is recommended that the initial loosening and final tightening in such cases be carried out on a lowered vehicle.
Ignition
The fuel is highly flammable and fuel vapors are explosive.
Avoid contact of fuel with hot engine surfaces.
Do not smoke or use open flames near the vehicle if any repair work is being carried out on it. Take precautions against sparks that may be caused by electrical appliances or metalworking tools,
Fuel vapors are heavier than air, so do not work on the fuel system in an inspection pit.
Another source of fire, overload or short circuit in electrical wiring circuits. Be careful when repairing or replacing electrical equipment.
Have a fire extinguisher on hand that is suitable for extinguishing fuel and electrical fires.
Electric shock
High-tension ignition system wires can be dangerous, especially for people with heart disease. Do not service the ignition system or adjacent units while the engine is running or the ignition is on.
Poisoning by vapors or gases
Exhaust gases are poisonous.; they usually contain carbon monoxide, which is rapidly fatal if inhaled. Never run the engine for long periods in a closed area, such as a garage with the door closed. Fuel vapors and various solvents used for cleaning and paint thinners are also toxic.
Poisonous and irritating substances
Avoid skin contact with electrolyte, fuel, especially diesel, brake fluid, lubricants and antifreeze. If you need to pour liquid from one container to another, do not suck the liquid from the hose with your mouth. If you accidentally swallow any liquid or it gets into your eyes, consult a doctor immediately.
Prolonged contact with used motor oil can cause skin cancer. If necessary, wear rubber gloves or apply a protective cream to your hands. Change any clothing that has come into contact with oil and do not carry oily rags in your pocket.
Air conditioner refrigerant can form toxic gas when in contact with fire, including a cigarette. It can also cause skin burns.
Asbestos
Asbestos dust is a carcinogen: it can cause cancer if inhaled or swallowed. Asbestos is a component of some gaskets, as well as brake and friction linings. When working with such components, you should assume that they contain asbestos.
Specific hazards
Hydrofluoric acid
This highly toxic and corrosive substance is formed when certain types of synthetic rubber, which are used to make some sealing rings, gaskets, fuel hoses, etc., are heated above 400°C. The rubber is charred or turns into a solid substance containing hydrofluoric acid. This acid is very stable and does not decompose for years. When this acid comes into contact with the skin, it is sometimes necessary to amputate the affected organ.
If you have to repair a machine damaged by fire, or handle parts removed from such a machine, wear protective gloves, which must be destroyed after work.
Battery
The battery contains sulfuric acid, which is extremely dangerous to skin, eyes and clothing. Be careful when filling and carrying the battery.
Hydrogen gas that may be released from the battery is explosive. Avoid open flames and avoid sparks near the battery. Be careful when connecting and disconnecting the charger and other portable cables.
Airbags
An airbag can cause injury if deployed unexpectedly. Use caution when removing the steering wheel and instrument panel. Follow the instructions for handling the airbag.
Fuel equipment for diesel engines
The diesel fuel pump creates very high pressure. Be careful when working with the pump and injectors.
Warning: Never expose your hand, face or other part of your body to the jet of fuel from the nozzle; fuel may penetrate your skin and cause dangerous consequences.
Remember
Necessary:
- Protect your eyes when using power tools and when working under machinery.
- If necessary, use gloves or barrier cream.
- If you work alone, ask someone to check in on you from time to time to make sure you are okay.
- Keep loose clothing and long hair away from moving parts of the machine.
- Before working on the vehicle, especially on electrical circuits, remove rings, watches, etc.
- Before using lifting and supporting equipment, ensure that it is of sufficient strength for the intended work.
It is forbidden:
- Don't try to lift anything that is beyond your capabilities - call an assistant.
- Work slowly - take breaks.
- Do not use a faulty tool - it may break off and cause injury.
- Don't leave tools lying around - someone might trip over them. Wipe up any spilled oil.
- Do not allow children or pets to play in or near the vehicle being worked on.