Diagram of the turbocharger system
- 1 activated carbon adsorber
- 2 vent line from fuel tank
- 3 check valve for activated charcoal adsorber
- 4 exhaust driven turbocharger
- 5 fuel pressure regulator
- 6 inlet pipeline (fuel line)
- 7 crankcase ventilation
- 8 activated charcoal canister check valve
- 9 connection on the throttle body
- 10 intercooler (charge air cooler)
- 11 intercooler receiver
- 12 shut-off valve when coasting
- 13 solenoid valve for boost pressure limitation
- 14 crankcase ventilation pressure relief valve
- 15 electrically controlled canister valve
To avoid damage to the oxygen sensor and catalytic converter, the following requirements must be met:
Gasoline engines
- Be sure to use only unleaded gasoline.
- Starting a warm gasoline engine by pushing or towing is allowed only in one attempt and at a distance of not more than 50 m. It is better to use a starter cable for this purpose. Unburned fuel, if ignited, can overheat the catalytic converter and destroy it.
Warning: Starting vehicles with AT is not possible for technical reasons.
- If it is difficult to start the engine, do not turn on the starter for too long. In this case, continuous fuel injection is performed. It is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of the malfunction.
- If malfunctions occur with the ignition system, when determining their nature, it is necessary to exclude fuel injection when the starter is turned on. To do this, turn off the fuel pump relay.
- Never run out of fuel in a gas tank.
- If misfiring occurs, do not increase the engine speed and repair the problem immediately.
- Use only recommended spark plugs.
- Do not perform spark tests with the spark plug connector disconnected.
- It is not allowed to test the operation of the cylinder by disconnecting the ignition wire from its spark plug. In this case, unburned fuel enters the catalytic converter.
- Do not park your vehicle over dry leaves or grass. The exhaust system around the catalytic converter is very hot and radiates heat even after the engine has stopped.
- Do not apply any underbody protector to the exhaust system components.
- It is not allowed to change the design of heat shields.
- When filling the engine with oil, pay particular attention not to exceed the level indicated on the gauge as Max. Excess oil from incomplete combustion enters the catalytic converter and can damage its alloy metal coating or completely destroy the catalytic converter.
Turbocharger
Petrol engines 1.8 l 150 hp equipped with a turbocharger.
The turbocharger has two turbines mounted on the same shaft and housed in two separate housings: a drive turbine powered by exhaust gases and a blower turbine that compresses the air entering the engine. In this case, the angular speed of rotation of the turbine shaft reaches 120,000 rpm. The turbocharger is lubricated from the engine lubrication system. Additionally, the turbocharger is cooled by the liquid of the engine cooling system.
The increase in engine power due to turbocharging reaches 100%. The increase in power depends, among other things, on the pressure of the supplied air, which for passenger car engines is 0.4 - 0.8 bar (tire pressure is 1.8 bar). The air pressure is controlled by a sensor. If the air pressure exceeds the set value, the pressure control valve opens, reducing it.
Along with the increase in power due to the use of a turbocharger, the torque also increases, which primarily affects the improvement in the elasticity of the engine. The prerequisite for reliable boosting is that the turbocharger rotates at the required speed. Therefore, the engine has a relatively small turbocharger, which begins to work already at low engine speeds, and increases its torque.
An intercooler is located between the turbocharger and the engine intake tract (supply air cooler). Cooling the air improves engine power, as cold air has a higher oxygen content due to its higher density.
Diesel engine variable turbocharger (variable geometry turbocharger) provides an increase in engine power. Smooth adjustment of the blades is carried out by the engine control system through a solenoid valve and a vacuum box. As a result, an optimal boost pressure is achieved at any speed and thus an increase in engine power, in particular at low engine speeds.
The turbocharger is a precision mechanism. Therefore, as a rule, in the event of a malfunction, the turbocharger should be replaced.
Turbocharger malfunctions
If the turbocharger is not working properly, this can be determined by reduced power or failure to reach top speed, assuming the fuel injection system is working properly. This may be caused by a leak in the system or a faulty turbocharger. The following sequence of checks is recommended:
Leaks in the system
Check the air hose between the turbocharger and the intake manifold through the intercooler for kinks, cracks, loose connections, etc. and repair if found. Check for leaks between cylinder head and intake manifold. This can be due to defective gaskets or, in some cases, pipeline misalignment.
Leaks can be in the connecting flanges between the exhaust manifold and the cylinder head or between the exhaust manifold and the turbocharger.
Faulty turbocharger
Check the boost pressure in the workshop. It can be either too high or too low. If the pressure is too high, a faulty boost pressure control solenoid valve or boost pressure control valve reservoir may be the cause. Interrogating the memory of the diagnostic device in the workshop will help determine where the fault is.
If the pressure is too low, then the receiver of the boost pressure control device can be suspected. Otherwise, the turbocharger must be faulty.
Removal and installation of a turbocharger
As you know, after a long trip at high speed, the engine cannot be immediately turned off, it is necessary to let it idle a little. The reason for this is as follows: if you immediately drown out "overheated" engine, the turbocharger shaft bearing will heat up so that the bearing oil may burn out. With such handling and restarting, the turbocharger will soon fail.
The turbocharger is quite sensitive to dirt or foreign objects, so cleanliness must be observed during removal and installation.
1. Disconnect the wire "masses" from battery (don't forget about radio coding).
2. Remove the air hose from the turbocharger.
3. Clamp the coolant hose going to the turbocharger with a clamp or drain the coolant.
4. Raise and place the front of the vehicle on stands.
5. Disconnect the exhaust system mount from the manual transmission. Disconnect the catalyst from the turbocharger (4 nuts). Disconnect the oil inlet and outlet pipes from the turbocharger. Make sure less oil comes out. Remove the turbocharger mounting bolts from the exhaust manifold from the underside. These bolts are not easy to get to, so you need to use a suitable wrench (ring wrench 12 mm). While doing this, hold the turbocharger and when all the bolts are removed, pull it up. Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removal. Always use new nuts and bolts. Before connecting the oil supply pipe, pour some oil into the turbocharger (pre-lubrication). At first, do not let the engine run at high speeds.
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