When the engine is running, the water pump constantly supplies coolant to the cooling jackets, which takes away the heat generated as a result of the combustion of the air-fuel mixture.
The water pump is driven by a V-belt for four-cylinder engines, a toothed belt for five-cylinder engines, and a ribbed belt for six-cylinder engines. The V-belt drives the water pump of diesel engines.
Before the engine reaches operating temperature, the coolant circulates in a so-called small circuit, which is formed by the cylinder head, engine block and heater. The intake manifold is also included in the small circulation circuit.
When the coolant reaches a temperature of approximately 87°C, the thermostat opens a large circulation circuit, which includes a radiator. If the temperature of the coolant continues to increase and even in the radiator reaches over 92°C, then the radiator fan turns on.
In the cooling system at the operating temperature of the engine, a pressure of approximately 1.2-1.5 bar is created, which contributes to an increase in the boiling point of the coolant. The pressure in the cooling system is maintained at the proper level by the reduction (high school graduation) a valve designed for a pressure of 1.2-1.5 bar and an inlet valve for 0.06-0.1 bar installed on the filler cap of the expansion tank. The intake valve lets in air, the coolant cools down and decreases in volume.
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