General information
The fuel system consists of a fuel tank installed at the rear of the vehicle, a fuel filter with a built-in water separator installed under the hood, a high pressure fuel pump (injection pump), fuel lines, injectors and related components. All engines are turbocharged.
The injection pump is driven from the crankshaft by a belt, rotates at a speed half that of the crankshaft. Fuel is taken from the fuel tank through the fuel filter by means of a high pressure fuel pump, which then delivers fuel at very high pressure through the pipes to the injectors. Direct fuel injection by means of various actuators is controlled by commands from the electronic control unit (BEU). The unit receives data from sensors via wires.
The basic setting of the injection moment is made mechanically by mounting the pump on the mounting bracket. Dynamically, injection timing and timing are controlled by the ECU and depend on engine speed, throttle position, intake airflow, intake air temperature. Coolant temperature, fuel temperature, atmospheric pressure and intake manifold depression - all this information obtained from sensors, processed by BEU. The closed injection control loop is detected by the injector needle lift sensor. Nozzle No. 3 is equipped with a needle lift sensor.
Two-stage injection nozzles are used to improve (softening) combustion process and improve the composition of exhaust gases.
Additionally, the BEU controls the operation of the exhaust gas recirculation system (RVG), boost pressure control systems and glow plug control systems.
It should be noted that troubleshooting in the engine control system is possible only with the help of specialized diagnostic equipment. In the event of a malfunction, contact your dealer for assistance. If a malfunction is detected, the replacement of the failed node is described in detail in the following paragraphs,
Note: In this chapter, motors are often referred to by their code.
Precautionary measures
Most of the operations described in this chapter require opening the fuel system, which may cause some fuel spillage. Before you begin, read the warnings below and the information in "Safety first!" at the beginning of this guide.
When working on the fuel system, avoid contact of diesel fuel with skin surfaces - be sure to wear protective clothing and gloves. The workplace must be well ventilated so that fuel vapors do not accumulate.
Fuel injectors operate at very high pressures - the jet of fuel from the injector can penetrate the skin, leading to fetal results. Do not put your hands under the working nozzles - entrust the work of checking and adjusting the fuel equipment to a specialist.
Under no circumstances should diesel fuel come into contact with the cooling system hoses - clean up any accidental leaks immediately. If the hose has been in contact with fuel for a long time, it must be replaced. The diesel fuel system is particularly sensitive to dirt, air and water intrusion. When working with the fuel system, pay special attention to cleanliness. Wipe the area around it clean before disconnecting fuel system components. Store the removed components in a tightly closed container so that even condensate from the atmosphere does not accumulate in it. For wiping, use a rag that does not leave lint.
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