The ignition advance sensor is inductive, it is installed on the left side of the engine crankcase. The signal from the ignition advance sensor is required when starting the engine, in order to determine the TDC in the third cylinder of the engine at the moment of ignition together with the signal from the Hall sensor. If there is no signal, the engine will not start.
The Hall sensor is located on the rear end of the left cylinder head. The operating principle of the sensor is described in the description of the ignition distribution system. The sensor signal is required when starting the engine in order to determine TDC in the third cylinder of the engine at the moment of ignition together with the signal from the ignition timing sensor. If there is no signal, the engine will not start.
The crankshaft speed sensor is screwed to the flywheel ring gear. Its signal allows the control unit to calculate the ignition advance and the injection start moment. If there is no signal, the engine will not start.
The idle switch and the throttle potentiometer are located in a common housing near the throttle valve unit. They determine the position of the throttle valve for the control unit. Thanks to this, in particular, the slide switch is controlled, since as long as the idle switch contact is not on and at the same time the crankshaft speed exceeds a certain value, the control unit blocks the fuel supply to the engine.
Both knock sensors are located on the inside of the cylinder blocks at the top of the middle cylinders, slightly below the cylinder heads. Selective knock control maintains the ignition timing at the knock limit and automatically adapts to the quality of the fuel used. Knock control allows the engine to have a high compression ratio. This makes better use of the fuel energy, which simultaneously reduces its consumption. The control system includes knock sensors and the corresponding analysis electronics. Due to the high compression ratio of the engine, knock combustion can occur, which, if allowed to continue for a certain period, causes engine damage. To avoid this, knock sensors are required, which register combustion disturbances and ensure that the ignition timing is changed to a later one. If the knock sensor fails, the control unit automatically changes the timing to a later one so that the engine is not damaged. This is primarily due to the reduction in power, which also occurs when Super unleaded petrol is used instead of petrol (AI 95 or AI 98) regular unleaded gasoline (AI 91) is poured into the fuel tank.
Both oxygen sensors are screwed into the corresponding exhaust pipes. In vehicles with a regulated catalytic converter, they measure the oxygen content in the exhaust gases and send a corresponding voltage signal to the control unit. Accordingly, the control unit changes the qualitative composition of the sucked-in fuel-air mixture so that the exhaust gases burn out optimally in the catalytic converter.