The following systems are used to control the injection of fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine.
For swirl or pre-chamber injection, fuel is injected into the pre-chamber of the corresponding cylinder, while the hot mixture ignites immediately. However, the amount of oxygen in the pre-chamber is only sufficient to burn part of the injected fuel. The rest, unburned part, is blown into the combustion chamber by the flow generated during combustion and burns completely there.
With direct fuel injection, the fuel supplied by the high pressure fuel pump is directly injected into the combustion chamber, namely into the recess in the piston. In this case, the fuel pump compresses the fuel to a pressure of 900 bar, and the fuel is injected in two stages. Initially, a small amount of fuel is injected, which improves the ignition conditions for the main part of the fuel. The result is a softer combustion, similar to prechamber injection combustion. At the same time, the amount of fuel supplied to the engine is regulated by the diesel engine's electronic control system, which ensures optimal engine operation while reducing fuel consumption.
At pump/nozzle (engine 1.9-I 115/130 hp) Each cylinder has its own fuel pump. The fuel pump and injector are a single unit, the so-called pump / injector (see fig. 4C.4). The pump/injector is actuated by the camshaft cam via an additional lever and generates a pressure of about 2000 bar, which ensures a very fine atomization of the fuel. To cool the fuel, which is very hot at the same time, a radiator is used, installed in the fuel return circuit.
Before fuel enters the fuel pump and injectors, it is cleaned in the fuel filter from water and contaminants. Therefore, it is necessary to remove water from the filter and replace it during maintenance.
The fuel pump is maintenance-free. All moving parts of the pump are lubricated with diesel fuel. The fuel pump is driven by a toothed belt.
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