In the turbocharger, two turbine wheels are mounted on one shaft, which are located in housings separated from each other. The wheel drive is provided by exhaust gases. They bring the speed of the supercharger shaft to 120,000 rpm. Since the rotor driven by the outgoing exhaust gases and the intake air rotor sit on the same shaft, atmospheric air is forced into the combustion chambers of the cylinders at the same frequency. The turbocharger is lubricated with engine oil through a suitable oil line. On vehicles with a petrol engine, the turbocharger is cooled by the coolant.
Due to the good filling ratio in existing engines, power gains of up to 100 percent can be achieved. The degree of this increase depends, among other things, on the charge air pressure, which in a passenger car is between 0.4 and 0.8 bar (tire pressure is about 1.8 bar). The charge air pressure is continuously monitored and regulated by the engine control unit via the charge pressure sensor. This avoids exceeding the maximum allowable charge air pressure.
Along with an increase in power characteristics, when using a turbocharger, torque is also increased, which has a good effect on the elasticity of the engine. This is only possible if the supercharger shaft rotates at a sufficient number of revolutions and thus ensures proper filling of the cylinders. For this reason, gasoline-powered vehicles are equipped with a relatively small turbocharger that kicks in even at low engine speeds and increases engine torque.
Charge air cooling radiator (intercooler) lowers the temperature of the compressed air. This increases engine power, because the cooled air has a higher oxygen content due to its high density.
The turbocharger for vehicles with a diesel engine is equipped with a turbine with variable blade geometry. The geometry of the turbine wheel blades is smoothly controlled by the engine microprocessor through electromagnetic and diaphragm valves. In this way, at all engine speeds, optimal charge air pressure is ensured, which increases torque, especially at low engine speeds.
In contrast to an internal combustion engine, in a diesel power plant, due to supercharging, there is no need to reduce compression, which allows full use of the injected fuel even in the lower engine speed range.
The turbocharger is an extremely precisely manufactured unit. As a rule, in the event of a malfunction, the turbocharger is replaced completely.
Visitor comments