In this section of a four-cylinder engine, the internal parts of water pump 1 are clearly visible. Thermostat 2 is located nearby.
Radiator. Each part of the radiator (right and left) consists of a plastic tank. Between them are thin-walled tubes, which are connected to each other by means of a frame consisting of plates. The area past which the air flow passes is several square meters. The radiator is mounted on a bracket in two places: at the top and at the bottom.
Thermostat. Maintains a constant water temperature. The thermostat opens at about 87'C, it lets water through to the radiator or sends it back to the engine. Inside the thermostat is a sleeve filled with special wax and a poppet valve. The more the coolant heats up, the more the wax thins out. The wax expands more and more, thereby opening the valve that controls the flow of water from the radiator more and more. At operating temperature, the valve opens fully and the short-circuited circuit closes completely. If the water cools, then the spring presses on the valve plate and blocks the flow of coolant through the radiator until it heats up again to the appropriate temperature.
Expansion tank. If the pressure is too high, water vapor escapes through the safety valve, which is placed in the tank lid. All engines use a split reservoir, with a coolant level indicator on the outside of the reservoir. The tank is located on the left side of the engine compartment (looking in the direction of travel).
Cooling fan. The radiator is equipped with a fan. This fan prevents the coolant from overheating.
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