If the sprockets are out of phase, the valves will touch the pistons as the crankshaft rotates.
Top dead center is the highest point reached by piston N1 during the compression stroke.
Shaft blocking with a homemade device
1. To set the N1 piston to TDC, unscrew the glow plugs.
2. Turning the crankshaft, align the timing mark on the flywheel with the protrusion on the gearbox housing and the mark on the fuel pump sprocket with the mark on the pump housing.
3. Block the camshaft using special tools (see also fig. Shaft blocking with a homemade device).
4. Center the blocked camshaft using feeler gauges. Now, piston N1 is at TDC.
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