The engine management system controls the ignition system and the fuel injection system.
The fuel pump, immersed in the fuel tank, supplies fuel to the fuel line through the fuel filter. The fuel pressure in the system is controlled by a pressure regulator. It allows excess fuel to return to the fuel tank when the pressure in the system is exceeded. The fuel line is a reservoir for injectors that inject fuel into the intake ports of the engine's cylinders. The engine uses a distributed fuel injection system, in which the nozzles inject fuel independently of each other. The block controls the operation of the injectors by changing the pulse duration - the length of time during which the injector is open to provide a richer or leaner combustible mixture.
The air passes through the air filter, air flow meter and throttle valve to the cylinder intake ports. Based on information from the air flow meter and sensors, the control unit regulates the time and amount of fuel injected in accordance with the measured amount of air and speed. The longer the injector is open, the more fuel is injected.
Additional sensors transmit information to the control unit about the temperature of the coolant and the air entering the engine, and on models with a catalytic converter, about the oxygen content in the exhaust gases.
The activated carbon filter prevents the penetration of harmful fuel vapors from the fuel tank into the atmosphere. Fuel vapors accumulate in an activated carbon canister - an adsorber and, when the engine is running, are burned out in the engine cylinders.
The memory device in the control unit recognizes the malfunction that has occurred and records it. If an important sensor fails, the control unit switches to an emergency program so that the engine continues to run, albeit with less efficiency.
Ignition system creates a spark discharge in each cylinder of the engine at a certain moment, which ignites the compressed combustible mixture.
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