Tread wear indicators up to a depth of 1.6 mm are located in the places marked on the sidewall of the TWI
Checking the air pressure in the tires
Tire valve
- 1 and 2 rubber and metal caps
- 3 valve
- 4 valve body
Execution order
1. UDI, depending on the model and equipment, can have tires and wheels of different sizes. The wheels have a pressing depth of 38 mm. The pressing depth is the distance from the center of the wheel to the thrust surface of the brake disc or drum.
Wheel bolts for steel and alloy wheels are the same size.
Warning: When installing alloy wheels from other manufacturers, different bolt sizes may be required.
Warning: Technology is constantly evolving. It may be that older models may have different tire pressures. The dimensions specified in the vehicle documents are decisive.
2. For sporty driving, it is recommended to increase the pressure in the front and rear tires by 0.2 bar. When increasing the pressure, you should proceed from the basic value for different load conditions.
3. Winter tires are usually 0.2 bar higher in pressure than summer tires. The recommendations of winter tire manufacturers should be taken into account.
4. Since winter tires have a speed limit, a sign indicating the maximum speed must be mounted within the driver's field of vision.
Disc designations
Example 6 J x 15:
6 rim width in inches
J letter designation of the height and contour of the side flange of the rim of the disk
x designation of a single-component deep disc
15 disk diameter in inches
- Permissible lateral runout on the side edge of the disc: 1.2 mm;
- Permissible vertical runout on the disk mounting shelf: 0.8 mm.
Tyre designation
Example: 195/70 R 14 89 H
195 tire width in mm
/70 height to width ratio (the height of the cross-section of the tire is 70% of the width). If there is no separate information about the width to height ratio (for example, 175 R 14), this means we are talking about a "normal" ratio. It is 82%.
N speed class, H: up to 210 km/h (on new tires it is not always given).
R radial design
14 disk size in inches
89 load capacity parameter
N designation of the permissible maximum speed.
Warning: If there is an M+S designation between data 14 and 89, these are winter tyres.
The speed letter is located after the tire size. Speed symbols apply to both summer and winter tires.
Speed letter designations
Q 160 H 210
S 180 V 240
T 190 W 270
Date of tire manufacture
The date of manufacture of the tire is indicated on the tire in the manufacturer's code
Example: DOT CUL2 UM8 019 TUBELESS
DOT Department of Transportation (US Department of Transportation)
CU abbreviation of manufacturer's name
L2 tire size
UM8 tire performance
01 date of manufacture - 01st working week of 1999
TUBELESS tubeless (TUBETYPE – tire with a tube)
5. Regularly checking your tires will help you avoid the hassle of being stopped on the road due to a flat tire. In addition, such checks provide valuable information about possible problems with the steering and suspension before serious damage occurs.
6. The tires are equipped with built-in tread wear indicator strips that are exposed when the tread depth decreases to 1.6 mm, after which the tires are considered worn. This value represents the minimum permissible tread depth; in most cases, it is recommended to replace tires with a tread depth of 2 mm or less. Tread depth can also be determined using a simple and inexpensive device known as a tread depth gauge.
7. Pay attention to any unusual tread wear. Tread defects such as cavities, bulges, flattening and more severe wear on one side indicate a violation of the front wheel alignment angles and/or wheel balancing. If any of these defects are detected, contact a tire repair shop for correction.
8. Check the tire carefully for cuts, punctures, and stuck nails or tacks. Sometimes, after a nail has punctured the tire, it will hold pressure for a while or deflate very slowly.
If you suspect a "slow puncture," first check the valve nipple for leaks. Then inspect the tread for any foreign objects lodged in it or previously repaired punctures that have begun to leak air again. If you suspect a puncture, you can verify its presence by wetting the suspected area with soapy water. If there is a leak, the solution will begin to bubble. If the puncture is not too large, the tire can usually be repaired at any tire shop.
9. Carefully inspect the inside sidewalls of the tires for signs of brake fluid leakage. If any, have the brake system checked immediately.
10. Maintaining the correct tire pressure increases their lifespan, helps save fuel, and improves overall driving comfort. A special pressure gauge is required to check the pressure.
Warning: Always keep an accurate pressure gauge in your glove compartment. Gauges built into air hose nozzles at service stations are often inaccurate.
11. Always check tire pressure when tires are cold (i.e. before traveling by car). Checking the pressure on warm or hot tires will result in overestimation of the pressure gauge readings due to thermal expansion of the tires. In this case, you should never lower the pressure, because after the tire cools down, it will be lower than normal.
12. Unscrew the protective cap from the inflation valve protruding from the wheel rim or hub cap, then firmly press the pressure gauge nozzle onto the valve. Read the readings and compare them with those recommended in the Specifications. Remember to replace the protective cap to prevent dirt and moisture from entering the valve mechanism. Check the pressure in all four tires and inflate them to the recommended pressure if necessary.
13. Don't forget to maintain the required pressure in the spare tire.
Checking the air pressure in the tires
14. Checking air pressure should only be done on cold tires.
15. Unscrew the valve cap.
16. Tire pressure is checked once a month and also during maintenance (including spare tire).
17. In addition, air pressure should be checked before each long trip, as this increases the temperature load on the tires.
18. The required tire pressure is indicated on the sticker located on the inside of the fuel tank cap.
Warning: When using winter tyres, the air pressure must be increased by 0.2 bar relative to the specified value.
19. The air pressure of the narrow spare tires is indicated on the sidewall of the rim.
Checking the tire valve
Warning: The valve extensions used must be checked for damage and contamination that could cause leaks. If necessary, the extensions must be replaced.
20. Unscrew the rubber protective cap and the metal one.
21. Apply a small amount of soap solution or saliva to the valve. If an air bubble forms, tighten insert 3 with protective cap 2.
Warning: Only use protective cap 2 to tighten the valve. 1 rubber protective cap, 4 valve.
22. Check the valve again. If bubbles appear and the valve cannot be tightened, it should be replaced (work of the service station).
23. Be sure to reinstall the protective cap.
Examples of typical tire tread wear
Lateral wear
Underinflation causes the tire to overheat while driving due to excessive deflection, which means the tread is not pressed down sufficiently onto the road surface. This results in loss of traction and excessive tread wear, not to mention the risk of tire failure due to overheating.
Check and adjust pressure.
Incorrect wheel alignment (wear on one side)
Repair or replace suspension parts.
Too sharp turns
Slow down!
Central wear
Excessive pressure
Overinflation of a tire results in accelerated wear of the center tread, reduced traction, harsher ride and an increased risk of fatal tire damage.
Check and adjust pressure.
If you have had to inflate your tyres to the pressure specified in the Specifications for heavy loads, be sure to deflate them when returning to normal operation.
Uneven wear
The tires of the front wheels may wear out unevenly as a result of incorrect adjustment of the wheel alignment angles. You can check and adjust the installation angles for a reasonable fee in most tire repair shops.
Incorrect camber or runout
Repair or replace suspension parts.
Suspension defect
Repair or replace suspension parts.
The wheels are out of balance
Balance the wheels.
Front wheel alignment is incorrectly set
Adjust the front wheel alignment angles.
Warning: Fraying of the tread pattern edges, which is a sign of wear, is best detected by touch.
Remove the engine oil drain plug from the oil pan and drain the oil completely.