The installed 12V battery consists of six jars containing positive and negative plates, which are dipped in a sulfuric acid solution. The task of the battery is to generate current for starting the car, ignition and for lighting, as well as for other consumers of electricity.
The battery is 100% efficient at 27°C. At -18°C, the efficiency drops to 40%. Now, in order to start the engine, it is necessary to have more than twice as much energy as was needed at 27°C.
starting power (starting current) indicates the battery's ability to start the vehicle in very cold weather. It shows the current in amps that the battery delivers for 30 seconds at -18°C without a voltage drop below 7.2 volts (the minimum level required for a reliable start). The higher this figure, the greater the starting power of the battery.
Standby power indicates the time in minutes during which the battery delivers a current of 25 amps at 27°C, i.e. the amount of time the battery provides for the operation of all auxiliary devices in the car at night and in bad weather with a faulty alternator.
In winter conditions at -18°C and below, the battery will be poorly charged due to an increase in internal resistance. During short trips in winter, the energy expended by the battery for starting is not restored. As a result, the battery wears out, constantly discharges and eventually fails.
During the summer months, after long trips, the engine becomes very hot and it often happens that it is difficult to start it again. Such "hot starts" sometimes require as much power as in cold weather, or more. This applies especially to high-compression, large-displacement engines and air-conditioned vehicles. This once again emphasizes the importance of choosing the right battery according to the vehicle's engine.
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