Most models have a crankcase collection system, a catalytic converter and a fuel vapor collection system.
Crankcase collection system
This system serves to collect crankcase gases and oil vapors from the crankcase and direct them to the engine intake tracts for combustion in subsequent engine cycles.
Emission Control System (petrol models)
To reduce exhaust toxicity, many models have a catalytic converter installed. Information from an oxygen sensor in the exhaust manifold or downpipe is used to fine-tune the fuel mixture.
Emission Control System (diesel models)
An oxidation catalyst is installed in the exhaust system on most models. Also, most models have an exhaust gas recirculation system.
Fuel vapor collection system (petrol models)
This system serves to collect fuel vapors from the fuel tank into a special carbon filter. From where they are then sent to the engine intake ports for subsequent combustion during normal engine operation.
Exhaust system
The system consists of an exhaust manifold, one or two mufflers and a catalytic converter on some models.
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